Treaty of Westminster (Union of Scotland with England)

Timeline

1. 1651–1652Scotland · British IslesCromwell's army defeated the Scottish forces supporting Charles II in 1651 and occupied all of Scotland. In 1652 the English Parliament passed the Declaration of Union, proposing terms for incorporating Scotland into the English Commonwealth, and Scottish representatives were invited to Westminster for negotiations.
2. 1654Palace of Westminster · LondonIn April 1654, Lord Protector Cromwell issued the Ordinance for the Union of Scotland, formally declaring Scotland a component part of the English Commonwealth. The Scottish Parliament was abolished, Scotland received 30 representative seats in the Westminster Parliament, and Scots enjoyed the same trading and legal rights as the English.
3. 1654–1660Edinburgh · ScotlandThe union measures had limited effect in Scotland, with English troops continuing to be stationed to maintain order. Scots were generally resistant to the union, and economic integration did not advance effectively. After the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Scotland regained its independent parliament, and this union was declared terminated, until the Acts of Union in 1707 achieved a true English-Scottish union.