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King John of England

Type Figure Region England Time 1166–1216 Also known as King John、John Lackland、约翰·无地王

King John (1166–1216), Plantagenet king of England (r. 1199–1216), brother of Richard I.…

Timeline

  1. 1199–1203London · EnglandAcceded after the death of Richard I and immediately faced attacks by Philip II of France on continental holdings such as Normandy and Anjou; military defeats led to the successive fall of the County of Anjou and other territories.
  2. 1204–1206Rouen · NormandyAfter the fall of Rouen in 1204, Normandy was permanently absorbed into the French royal domain, earning John the nickname 'Lackland'. He thereafter turned to strengthening direct rule over England, Wales, and Ireland.
  3. 1207–1210Winchester · EnglandRefused to recognize Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury appointed by Pope Innocent III; in 1208 England was placed under a nationwide church interdict, suspending the sacraments for several years. During this period John confiscated church property to fill the treasury, worsening domestic tensions.
  4. 1209–1210Portsmouth · EnglandAllied with Otto IV of the Holy Roman Empire against Philip II of France, raising war funds and assembling a fleet to prepare for recovering continental lands, but the 1209–1210 expedition plans were thwarted by the domestic situation and church pressure.

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