Rise of the Uzbek Khanate in the 1430s

Timeline

1. 1431–1435Steppe north of the Syr Darya · Steppe zoneIn the power vacuum at the northern edge of the Timurid Empire and after the Golden Horde's collapse, Abu'l-Khayr Khan unified Uzbek clans through force and marriage alliances, establishing a relatively stable core ruling circle of the khanate and controlling the nomadic corridor between the Syr Darya and the Ural River.
2. 1434–1438Semirechye and lower Syr Darya · SemirechyeAs the khanate pushed south, it clashed repeatedly with Oirat Mongols and Timurid frontier forces over Syr Darya crossings and trade points along the oasis margins. Though it failed to immediately take Samarkand, it had established effective control over the northern steppe and parts of the trade routes.
3. 1438–1440Territory of the Uzbek Khanate · Central AsiaBy around 1440, Abu'l-Khayr Khan had completed the initial construction of the khanate's military-administrative system, with subject tribes paying stable tribute. The Uzbek confederation became the most threatening nomadic power on Central Asia's northern fringe, accumulating strength for the later Shibanid southward campaigns that destroyed the Timurid states.