Francis II, Duke of Brittany

Timeline

1. 1458–1460Nantes · BrittanyIn 1458 he succeeded his brother Richard II as duke, reformed internal administration, balanced Breton noble factions, and continued the duchy's tradition of autonomy outside French royal authority.
2. 1461–1470Rennes · BrittanyAfter Louis XI ascended the throne and tightened control over Brittany, Francis II defended independence through marriage alliances, coalitions, and military means, at times maintaining contacts with England.
3. 1471–1488Nantes · BrittanyHe continued to maneuver between the French king and England, dying at Nantes in 1488; his daughter Anne succeeded him as duchess of Brittany, and the duchy's independence entered its final phase.