Western Liao (Qara Khitai) Hegemony in Central Asia

Timeline

1. 1141Near Samarkand · TransoxianaWestern Liao forces under Yelü Dashi defeated the coalition of Seljuk Sultan Sanjar at Qatwan, gravely damaging the Great Seljuks' military prestige in Central Asia and laying a decisive foundation for Western Liao suzerainty and control over Transoxiana.
2. 1143–1144Balasagun · Northern Tianshan foothillsAfter the founding emperor Yelü Dashi died, Empress Dowager Chengtian (Tabuyan) served as regent, maintaining suzerain authority over vassal states, as the Western Liao political system shifted from founding era to consolidation and regency.
3. 1145–1149Central Asia · Central AsiaAfter Qatwan, rulers such as Khwarazmshah 'Al-Arsiz submitted and paid tribute to the Western Liao, which intervened in Transoxiana politics as suzerain and maintained control over trans-Tianshan trade routes and steppe tribes.