Treaty of Nijmegen

Timeline

1. 1676–1677Nijmegen · GelderlandStalemate on the battlefield led all parties to agree to a peace congress at the neutral Dutch city of Nijmegen. France, the Dutch, Spain, and Imperial representatives negotiated territorial exchanges, religious clauses, and commercial rights; Sweden and other northern states intervened as mediators, giving the congress a typical 'concert of Europe' character.
2. 1678Nijmegen · GelderlandFrance and the Dutch signed a peace treaty in August 1678, and France and Spain signed in August–September, ending direct hostilities between them. The treaties made complex cessions and exchanges regarding the southern Netherlands, Franche-Comté, and the Rhine frontier, and included commercial and religious guarantees, forming the core of the treaty system.
3. 1679Nijmegen and the German frontier · NetherlandsIn 1679 France completed supplementary treaties with the Holy Roman Empire and several German princes, provisionally settling the question of the Rhineland and Alsace. Overall France gained significant territorial benefits but failed to eliminate the Dutch; postwar French hegemonic expansion coexisted with balancing by other states, planting the seeds for larger wars at the start of the 18th century.