Campaigns of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi

Timeline

1. 1525–1527Adal · SomaliaAhmad Gragn consolidated military authority in the Adal Sultanate, reorganized troops equipped with Ottoman firearms, and drew up plans for the invasion of Ethiopia.
2. 1529–1531Shewa and Wollo · ShewaGragn's firearms troops routed Lebna Dengel's forces at Shimbra Kure, then captured numerous towns and monasteries on the Shewa highlands and in Wollo, with the imperial army retreating before firearms superiority.
3. 1531–1535Ethiopian Highlands · EthiopiaAdal forces penetrated deep into Ethiopia, directly threatening the imperial capital region. Lebna Dengel stepped up his appeal to Portugal, and Gragn's campaigns forced Christian African and European powers into a military alliance.