Remnant Regimes of the Golden Horde

Type Object Region East European steppe Time c. 1395–1502

After the Golden Horde fragmented in the late 14th century, early 15th-century successor states such as the Great Horde, Nogai Horde, and Crimean Kha…

Timeline

1395–1400Sarai (destroyed) · Lower VolgaAfter Timur destroyed Sarai in 1395, the Golden Horde's central authority collapsed, and powerful figures such as Edigu and various contenders for the throne carved up control of the lower Volga and the steppe corridor.
1401–1407Lower Volga · Volga River basinBetween 1401 and 1407, nominal great khans such as Pulad repeatedly contested the throne with Edigu and descendants of Tokhtamysh; the Great Horde's actual control shrank to a limited area of the lower Volga.
1408–1410Crimean Peninsula · CrimeaBy around 1410, the emerging Crimean Khanate and the Nogai Horde coexisted along the northern Black Sea coast, forming a complex geopolitical landscape with remnant Golden Horde forces, Genoese trading posts, and the Grand Duchy of Moscow.

Sources

The Golden Horde: The Encyclopedia of Empire — Peter B. Golden (2016)
The Cambridge History of Inner Asia: The Chinggisid Age — Nicola Di Cosmo, Allen J. Frank, Peter B. Golden (eds.) (2009)