Liao Remnants and Tribal Forces at the End of the Liao

Timeline

1. 1125–1130Northern North China and the steppe south of the Gobi · MònnánAfter Liao's fall, some Khitan nobles, troops, and subjects refused to submit to Jin, gathering in northern North China and the steppe zones, using mounted archery guerrilla tactics and holding stockades, forming a complex standoff with Jin and Song forces.
2. 1130–1140From the Orkhon River to the Semirechye region · Steppe Silk RoadYelü Dashi led Khitan remnants westward, uniting local tribes into a coalition army, proclaiming himself emperor around 1132 to establish Western Liao; the remnants' military organization transformed from Liao palace-guard cavalry into a nomadic-urban mixed tribal levy system.
3. 1140–1218Balasagun (capital of Western Liao) · Western LiaoWestern Liao, with Khitans at its core and incorporating Uyghur, Karluk, and other tribes, maintained suzerainty and military deterrence over Central Asia; remnant cavalry and vassal tribal forces participated in campaigns against Khwarazm, the Qarakhanids, and other powers.