Northern Yuan remnant forces

Timeline

1. 1370–1371Yingchang · Mongolia south of the GobiIn 1370 Yuan Emperor Shun Toghon Temür died of illness; Crown Prince Ayushiridara succeeded him, adopting the era name Xuanguang, known to history as Northern Yuan Zhaozong. The Northern Yuan still observed the 'Great Yuan' calendar, using the steppe as its base to attempt restoring influence over the Central Plains.
2. 1372–1378Liaodong · LiaodongThe Northern Yuan was riven by powerful ministers: Köke Temür (Wang Baobao) maneuvered against the Ming army in Mongolia south of the Gobi, while Mongol nobles like Nahachu in Liaodong held territory independently. With central khagan authority weakened and princes each controlling their own regions, the Northern Yuan could not mount unified military action.
3. 1372–1380Mongolia south of the Gobi and the Ordos · Mongolia south of the GobiAfter the Ming victory at Yingchang in 1370, the Ming continued northern campaigns; though the three-pronged offensive of 1372 suffered setbacks, it still forced Northern Yuan forces to retreat from Mongolia south of the Gobi deep into the north. The Northern Yuan remnants maintained a nomadic regime north of the Great Wall, occasionally raiding southward, forming a long-term standoff with the Ming.