Crimean Tatar Raids on Poland (1560s)

Timeline

1. 1561–1565Podolia · PodoliaIn the early 1560s Crimean Tatar cavalry repeatedly crossed the Dnieper, raiding towns and villages in Podolia and the Kiev region and carrying off many captives; Polish local defenses and Cossack outposts could not effectively intercept the fast-moving Tatar forces.
2. 1566–1570Ukrainian frontier steppe · UkraineIn the later 1560s Poland expanded its registered Cossack forces and built chains of forts, while the Cossacks launched retaliatory raids against Crimea. In 1569 Poland's main northern forces entered the Livonian War, yet southern Tatar raids and Cossack conflicts continued unabated.