Golden Horde Trade Route Network

Type Object Region East European steppe Time 1240–1500

A transnational trade route system active on the East European steppe around the 14th century, centered on the Volga, Don, and northern Black Sea coa…

Timeline

1321–1326Lower Volga trade route · RussiaDuring the reign of Özbeg Khan, the Golden Horde tightened control over the Volga trade route; caravans entering the khanate's heartland from the Central Asian steppe could travel downriver to Black Sea ports, and the fur and grain trade brought the khan's court steady tariff revenue.
1327–1330Caffa · CrimeaAs the western outlet of the Golden Horde trade network, the Crimean port of Caffa saw Genoese merchants transshipping eastern goods and slaves to the Mediterranean; the khanate exchanged charters for customs duties, creating a trading order in which a steppe power and European commercial city-states coexisted.

Sources

The Golden Horde and the Trade Routes of the Black Sea — Halperin, Charles J. (1985)