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Gustav Adolf's War Against Poland (1621–1629)
From 1621 to 1629, King Gustav Adolf of Sweden fought a prolonged war (the Polish-Swedish War) with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth over control o…
Timeline
- 1621–1622Riga and Livonia · LatviaIn 1621 Gustav Adolf led Swedish forces against Polish-controlled Livonia, capturing Riga in September 1621 and consolidating control over coastal Estonia and Livonia over the following two years.
- 1625–1627Eastern frontier of Poland-Lithuania · LithuaniaAfter 1625 the war spread into Poland proper, with Swedish forces at one point penetrating to the Prussian border; repeated peace talks in 1626 and 1627 all failed, and the war continued, draining Polish resources.
- 1629Altmark · Saxony-AnhaltIn September 1629, under French mediation, Sweden and Poland signed the Treaty of Altmark: Sweden retained Estonia, most of Livonia, and customs revenues from ports such as Danzig, while Poland received a six-year truce, freeing Gustav Adolf to intervene in the Thirty Years' War.
Sources
- Roberts, Michael. Gustavus Adolphus: A History of Sweden 1611-1632 — Michael Roberts (1958)
- Wilson, Peter H. The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy — Peter H. Wilson (2009)