← Explore on the interactive map

Norman-Welsh Border Wars (1090s)

Type Event Region Welsh Marches Time 1091–1100

In the 1090s, England's King William II launched a series of military campaigns against the Welsh kingdoms in the March (Welsh Marches);…

Timeline

  1. 1093Brecon · BreconIn 1093, Welsh king Rhys ap Tewdwr was killed in a conflict near Brecon with Norman marcher lord Bernard de Neufmarch (William II did not take part in person), dealing a heavy blow to resistance in South Wales.
  2. 1094–1098Welsh Marches · Welsh MarchesNorman marcher lords continuously built castles and enclosed land in the March, converting military conquest into permanent territorial control and forcing native Welsh polities to retreat into the mountains.
  3. 1098–1100Gwynedd · GwyneddThe northern Welsh kingdom of Gwynedd organized a counterattack under Gruffudd ap Cynan, and the border wars entered a prolonged stalemate; the Normans failed to conquer all of Wales.

Sources