Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa

Timeline

1. 1212Kingdoms of the northern Iberian Peninsula · Iberian PeninsulaCastile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal formed a crusade-style coalition at the call of Pope Innocent III, with Alfonso VIII as commander, marching south against Almohad forces.
2. 1212Las Navas de Tolosa · AndalusiaThe coalition encountered the Almohad main force in the mountains of northern Andalusia. According to later chronicles, the Christians broke through a mountain pass guided by shepherds and routed the army of Caliph Muhammad al-Nasir, inflicting heavy Muslim casualties and collapsing their lines.
3. 1212Andalusia · AndalusiaAfter the Almohad army's rout it lost effective control of inland Andalusia; the Christian coalition immediately advanced south, recovering towns such as Baeza and Úbeda, opening a new phase of the Iberian Reconquista.