Almohad Caliphate

Timeline

1. 1141–1146Rif Mountains and Tlemcen · AlgeriaIbn Tumart had already died in 1130; Abd al-Mu'min, as successor to the "Mahdi," integrated Berber tribes and religious brotherhoods. Between 1141 and 1146 the movement gradually defeated Almoravid remnants, controlling the Moroccan interior and the Tlemcen line, laying the organizational foundation for unifying the Maghreb.
2. 1147Marrakech · MoroccoIn 1147 Abd al-Mu'min captured the Almoravid capital Marrakech, executed the last emir, and proclaimed himself caliph, turning the Almohads from a religious movement into an imperial power. The new court took monotheist theology as its ideological core and began rebuilding administration, taxation, and military conscription systems.
3. 1147–1150Seville and Cordoba · SpainIn 1147 Almohad forces crossed the sea and captured Seville, taking Cordoba in 1149 and ending the fragmentation of the taifa kingdoms of al-Andalus. The empire spanned the Maghreb and southern Iberia, with Marrakech as political center and Seville as vice-capital of al-Andalus, forming a cross-strait unified governance structure.