Rise of the Karaman beylik

Timeline

1. 1283Karaman · TurkeyAli Bey consolidated his father Mehmed Bey's legacy of Turkish-language officialization and independence, rebuilding the beylik's administrative and military system in the traditional heartland of Lycaonia–Cilicia.
2. 1284–1286South-central Anatolia · AnatoliaThe Karaman beylik expanded east and south, competing with remnants of the Seljuks of Rum and beyliks such as Aydın and Teke for fortresses, trade routes, and agricultural basins, gradually establishing regional hegemony.
3. 1287Karaman region · TurkeyBy around 1287, Karaman controlled large territories in south-central Anatolia, priding itself on Turkic culture and military tradition, and became the main rival of the Ottomans in the later struggle for dominance over Anatolia.