Rise of the Pandya Kingdom (1240s)

Timeline

1. 1241–1245Madurai · IndiaDuring the reign of Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II, the Pandyas, with Madurai as their capital, consolidated rule over the southern Tamil core region, maintaining local administration and temple donation systems; the kingdom was at its peak in the first half of the 13th century.
2. 1245–1250Tamil region of South India · Tamil NaduThe Pandyas continuously contested influence in border areas with the neighboring Hoysala dynasty to the north and Chola remnant forces. Drawing on coastal trade wealth to support military and temple construction, the Pandyas maintained a strong position in the South Indian political landscape.