Mamluk Conflicts on the Anatolian Frontier

Timeline

1. 1285Upper Euphrates frontier · SyriaAfter Baybars defeated the Mongol army at Elbistan in 1277, although no large-scale battles occurred between the Mamluks and the Ilkhanate, the standoff along the Euphrates–Cilicia line continued, and frontier raids resumed in 1285.
2. 1286–1287Cilicia · TurkeyBuffer polities such as the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia became objects of contention; the Mamluks sought to prevent Mongol forces from penetrating southward, while the Ilkhanate consolidated its influence on southeastern Anatolia through vassals and military operations.
3. 1288Southeastern Anatolian frontier · AnatoliaBy around 1288, neither side could break the frontier balance; conflict consisted mainly of raids and diplomatic mediation, while local Anatolian beyliks continued to expand autonomously in the gap between the two powers.