Siege of Haarlem

Timeline

1. 1572Haarlem · NetherlandsTroops under the Spanish governor, the Duke of Alba, built works outside Haarlem and cut land communications; early in the siege the garrison withstood repeated assaults thanks to the city's defenses and citizen mobilization.
2. 1572–1573Defenses of Haarlem · NetherlandsAs the siege entered a prolonged phase, Haarlem's citizens and women, organized by Kenau Hasselaer and others, repaired the walls and transported ammunition, repeatedly repelling Spanish assaults on the walls and gates, as the siege turned into a war of attrition.
3. 1573Haarlem · NetherlandsAfter more than a year of siege, Haarlem ran out of food and reinforcements, and the garrison was forced to negotiate a surrender. Although the Spanish occupied the city, they paid a heavy price of over ten thousand casualties, and the delay of the siege prevented them from marching north in time to suppress the revolt.