Battle of the Ghaghra River

Timeline

1. c. 1529Along the Ganges-Ghaghra rivers · BiharAfter the Battle of Khanwa, Ibrahim Lodi's brother Mahmud Lodi allied with Afghan nobles of Bengal and received naval support from Bengal Sultan Nusrat Shah, attempting to reclaim northern India. Babur advanced east from Agra, joined Humayun, Askari and other forces on the banks of the Ganges, and searched downstream for a crossing, facing off against the Bengal-Afghan coalition holding the opposite bank.
2. 1529Ghaghra River crossing · BiharOn the morning of May 6, while ordering Askari's forces to maneuver, Babur personally led the main force across the Ghaghra by boat and swimming, with firearms and cavalry striking the far bank in coordination. The Bengal fleet and Afghan cavalry, pressed on three sides, broke and fled; Mahmud Lodi escaped, and the organized Lodi restoration army disintegrated.
3. 1529Bihar-Bengal border · BiharAfter the battle, Babur and Nusrat Shah reached an arrangement not to harbor each other's enemies, and Afghan leaders in Bihar successively submitted. Mughal control extended from the Indus to Bihar, and the eastern front of the Ganges plain was temporarily stabilized. This was Babur's last major battle in India; he died the following year.