Ayyubid Gold Dinar

Timeline

1. c. 1191–1195Cairo · EgyptDuring the Third Crusade, the Ayyubid sultanate continuously minted gold dinars at mints such as Cairo and Damascus for military pay and diplomatic gifts; coin faces often bore the shahada and the sultan's name, at a weight close to the 4.25-gram standard.
2. c. 1196–1200Damascus · SyriaIn the late 1190s, Syrian and Egyptian mints issued dinars in parallel, supporting Levantine trade routes and ransom payments; gold coins exchanged alongside Crusader silver and ultra-pure Byzantine coinage in port cities, becoming a high-denomination settlement medium in the eastern Mediterranean.