Ottoman Siege Bombards

Timeline

1. 1452–1453Positions outside the walls of Constantinople · Byzantine EmpireFounder Orban cast a super-sized bronze cannon for Mehmed II, which was dragged overland to the siege front and bombarded the Theodosian Walls continuously, opening a breach for the Ottomans.
2. 1480–1500Ottoman cannon foundries (Istanbul–Edirne) · Ottoman EmpireBy the reign of Bayezid II, the Ottomans had established permanent cannon-founding and artillery organizations, mass-producing not only super-giant guns but also medium and small bronze cannons for fortress assaults and field support.
3. 1500–1600Ottoman battlefields · Ottoman EmpireWith advances in fortress construction, single super-giant guns gave way to artillery batteries and mortar combinations, but the experience of the 1453 siege guns still profoundly influenced Ottoman siege doctrine.