Aftermath of the East–West Schism and the papal reform standoff (1070s)

Name: Aftermath of the East–West Schism and the papal reform standoff (1070s)
Start: 1071
End: 1080

Type Event Region Europe Time 1071–1080

After the mutual excommunications of 1054, the East–West Schism remained unresolved in the 1070s, deepening amid Gregory VII's reforms, Norman pressu…

Timeline

1073–1075Rome · LazioAfter Hildebrand was elected Pope Gregory VII, documents such as the Dictatus Papae strengthened papal supreme authority over episcopal appointments and church property, intensifying centralization in the Western Church and contrasting sharply with the emperor–patriarch co-governance model of Orthodox tradition.
1071–1080Constantinople · MarmaraThough Byzantium was weakened after the Battle of Manzikert, the Patriarchate of Constantinople continued to uphold Orthodox liturgy and doctrine, refusing to recognize papal primacy or the filioque. Although the empire occasionally contacted Rome under Norman threat, the theological differences showed no substantive easing.

Sources

The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium — Alexander Kazhdan (ed.) (1991)
Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages — R. W. Southern (1970)