Spice Trade of the Malay Archipelago

Timeline

1. 1020–1029Moluccas · MoluccasLocal communities gathered cloves, nutmeg, and other spices in places such as the Banda Islands; after drying, they were organized for export by tribal leaders or port merchants, with monopoly over production areas being the core source of trade profits.
2. 1020–1029Java and Strait of Malacca ports · Malay ArchipelagoSpices were transshipped through ports in Java and Sumatra; polities such as Srivijaya levied tariffs and protected merchant ships. Trade routes connected westward to India and the Persian Gulf, and eastward via the South China Sea to Song dynasty ports, forming a transoceanic luxury goods circulation network.