Barley and Wheat Cultivation System

Timeline

1. c. -1000–-800Mesopotamia and the coastal plains of the Levant · LevantA rotation pattern of barley as the winter crop and wheat as a supplement was institutionalized in royal and temple estates, combined with canal irrigation and tax collection, forming the core of the Near Eastern economy.
2. c. -800–-500Islands and coasts of the eastern Mediterranean · Aegean SeaBarley and wheat cultivation entered Crete, Cyprus, and mainland Greece through colonization and trade, adapting to the Mediterranean winter-rain climate and laying the foundation for food self-sufficiency in the city-states.