Westward Migration of the Kipchaks and Reorganization of Steppe Powers (1070s)

Timeline

1. 1071–1074Steppe from the Irtysh to the Syr Darya · ZhetysuThe alliance between the Kipchaks, Kimeks, and other groups on the steppe north of the Syr Darya grew loose, while Seljuk eastward expansion and internal conflicts in the Karakhanid Khanate intensified inter-tribal competition, prompting some Kipchak groups to seek pastures and trade routes to the west.
2. 1075–1080Steppe from the lower Volga to the Ural River · Volga SteppeKipchak groups migrated westward on a large scale, occupying the lower Volga and the northern Black Sea steppe, where they clashed and merged with local Oghuz and Pecheneg remnants, forming the Cuman cluster later referred to in Byzantine sources.