Aftermath of the Sicilian Vespers

Timeline

1. 1290–1295Palermo · SicilyIn the early 1290s, Frederick III, of Aragonese royal blood, established a firm regime in Sicily and refused to return the island to the pope and the Angevins. Popes Nicholas IV and Boniface VIII successively applied pressure, while diplomatic negotiations and military preparations between Anjou and Aragon proceeded in parallel.
2. 1298–1299Sicily · SicilyIn 1298 an Angevin-Aragonese allied force advanced on the eastern front, capturing Catania and besieging Messina and Syracuse; in 1299 Philip I landed with a western army and besieged Trapani. Sicilian defenders delayed the allies with guerrilla tactics and fortress defense, and the war unfolded simultaneously on the island's eastern and western fronts.
3. 1299–1302Falconiera · SicilyIn the Battle of Falconiera in December 1299, the Sicilian army won a great victory and captured Philip I; the Angevin western army was destroyed and the eastern offensive was forced to pause. The war then turned into a stalemate, and the 1302 Treaty of Caltabellotta finally recognized Sicily under an Aragonese cadet branch and Naples under Anjou, bringing the military aftermath of the 1290s to a close.