Khalkha submission to the Qing

Timeline

1. 1691Dolonnor · XilingolKangxi personally led troops out of the frontier and camped at Dolonnor, about eight hundred li from the capital. The tents of the three Khalkha tribes and the princes of forty-nine Inner Mongolian banners surrounded the imperial camp. The meeting aimed to settle the southward-migrated people, mediate the old Tüsheet-Jasagtu feud, and bring the Khalkha into a banner-league order similar to Inner Mongolia's.
2. 1691Dolonnor · XilingolOn the first day Sonin transmitted the decree ordering the Tüsheet Khan to issue a written confession of guilt to quell the Jasagtu Khanate's long-standing resentment. On the second and third days Kangxi received Inner Mongolian and Khalkha nobles, pardoned Chakhundorji, enfeoffed Tsewangjab as Jasagtu Khan, announced the organization of the Khalkha into dozens of banners, abolished titles such as jinong and noyon, and instead granted ranks of khan, qinwang, junwang, beile, and others. The Khalkha formally entered the Qing vassal system as subjects.
3. 1691Dolonnor · XilingolOn the fifth day Kangxi decreed the building of Huizong Temple, named with the meaning 'rivers flowing into the sea,' to unite the Khalkha and Inner Mongolian tribes through a Tibetan Buddhist temple. On the sixth day he again met the Jebtsundamba and the Tüsheet Khan and bestowed gifts, with princes kneeling to see off the imperial carriage back to the capital. Thereafter banner affairs, tribute, and meetings north of the Gobi were handled by the Court of Colonial Affairs, institutionalizing Qing authority over the Khalkha.