Capetian rule of Philip I and conflict with the Church (1080s–1090s)

Timeline

1. 1080–1085Paris · Île-de-FranceIn the early 1080s, Philip I based his politics in Paris, maintaining order in the Capetian demesne while surrounded by powerful vassals such as Normandy and Anjou, and expanding royal influence through marriage alliances and military campaigns.
2. 1092–1094French court · FranceIn 1092 Philip I repudiated his first wife Bertha (daughter of Floris I, Count of Holland) and married Bertrade of Montfort, provoking strong ecclesiastical condemnation. In 1094 the papal legate, Archbishop Hugh of Lyon, declared excommunication at the Council of Autun and at one point imposed an interdict on the Kingdom of France, fully escalating the conflict between royal and papal authority.
3. 1095Clermont · AuvergneIn November 1095 Pope Urban II reaffirmed the excommunication of Philip I at the Council of Clermont (the same council that launched the First Crusade). Thereafter the king repeatedly promised to separate from Bertrade in hopes of absolution but repeatedly broke his word; only in 1104, after publicly repenting and agreeing to live apart from Bertrade, was the excommunication lifted.