Nicolaus Copernicus

Timeline

1. 1511–1514Frombork · Warmia-MasuriaCopernicus made astronomical observations in the tower at Frombork, completing the manuscript Commentariolus around 1514, proposing mathematically a model with the Sun at the center and the Earth revolving around it, circulated only among a few scholars.
2. 1512–1515Frombork · Warmia-MasuriaCopernicus was appointed administrator of the chapter's properties at Frombork, responsible for diocesan estates, finances, and administrative affairs, continuing astronomical observations and mathematical calculations in his spare time, accumulating data for the later De revolutionibus.
3. 1515–1516Rome · Papal StatesAs one of the delegates of the Kingdom of Poland, Copernicus traveled to Rome for the Fifth Lateran Council, providing the papacy with astronomical advice on the Julian calendar and the shift of the vernal equinox, and exchanging his heliocentric ideas with Italian scholars during the council.
4. 1517–1520Frombork · Warmia-MasuriaAfter returning to Frombork, Copernicus continued systematic observations of planetary motion and revised his mathematical models, preparing over the long term for De revolutionibus, while handling political and ecclesiastical affairs in the Warmia region.