Hong Taiji Proclaims the Great Qing Dynasty

Timeline

1. 1636Shengjing · LiaoningForty-nine beiles from sixteen southern Mongol tribes jointly submitted a memorial petitioning Hong Taiji to ascend the throne as emperor; Korean envoys were also present but initially refused to perform the kowtow, causing diplomatic tension. Hong Taiji accepted the petition and began preparing the ceremony for his imperial proclamation.
2. 1636Shengjing Imperial Palace · ShenyangHong Taiji held the grand imperial enthronement ceremony in Shengjing, proclaiming the change of the state name from "Later Jin" to "Great Qing" and the era name from "Tiancong" to "Chongde", styling himself "Emperor of Broad Warmth, Benevolence and Sagacity"; he also changed the name of his people from "Jurchen" to "Manchu", accelerating the adoption of Han institutions in language, dress, and ritual, asserting his claim to orthodox rule over all under heaven.