Kaifeng

Type Object Region China Time 960–1233

Kaifeng was the Northern Song capital Bianjing; after the Jingkang Incident it became Jin's Nanjing (secondary capital), still a major political and …

Timeline

960–1127Kaifeng · Kaifeng CityThe Northern Song established its capital at Bianjing, and Kaifeng became one of the world's most densely populated and commercially prosperous metropolises, with highly developed grain transport, printing, and handicrafts.
1127–1231Kaifeng · Kaifeng CityAfter Jingkang, the Jin established Nanjing (Kaifeng) as a secondary capital, controlling the key Yellow-Huai passage, garrisoning heavy troops, and serving as the core fortress and urban economic center on the southern edge of the North China defense line.
1231–1233Kaifeng · Kaifeng CityThe Mongol and Southern Song allied forces besieged Kaifeng for a long time; the city fell in 1233, Emperor Aizong of Jin moved the capital south, Kaifeng suffered severe destruction, and Jin lost its last major stronghold south of the Yellow River.

Sources

金史 — 脱脱等 (1975)
The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 6: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368 — Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett (eds.) (1994)