Decline of the Buyid Dynasty (1010s)

Timeline

1. 1010–1014Iraq and western Iran · West AsiaBuyid princes of various branches each ruled independently; succession struggles among the rulers of Fars, Ray, and Iraq were frequent, the dynasty could no longer form unified command, and local military-aristocratic power expanded.
2. 1012–1015Shiraz · FarsAbu Kalijar succeeded his father as Buyid ruler of Fars in 1012, becoming one of the last important princes; during his reign he still could not integrate Iraq and Iran as a whole, and the dynasty existed in name only.
3. 1015–1020Baghdad · IraqThe Ghaznavids pressed Khurasan and eastern Iran from the east, while Turkic tribes gathered strength on the frontier; the Buyids could no longer defend the environs of Baghdad, and the Abbasid caliphal court became a pawn in the games of local powers.