The European Feudal Manorial System

Timeline

1. c. 1041–1050England and Norman lands · EnglandIn the time of Edward the Confessor, manorial courts exercised jurisdiction over serf marriages, inheritances, and labor obligations; lords systematically recorded serf duties and in-kind dues in manorial account rolls, and manorial administration became increasingly standardized.
2. 1000–1200France and the Rhine valley · FranceManorial arable land generally followed a three-field rotation, alternating winter wheat, spring crops, and fallow, which, combined with the lord's mill monopoly and the commons pasture system, raised agricultural output and strengthened the lord's control over the rural economy.