Civil war in the Golden Horde

Timeline

1. 1351–1356Sarai · Volga River basinUnder Jani Beg the Golden Horde still maintained surface unity, but dangers accumulated such as princely separatism and loosening succession order. As the transfer of power approached around 1356, internal contradictions at the court intensified.
2. 1357–1359Sarai · Volga River basinAfter acceding, Berdi Beg carried out purges and was killed in a palace coup in 1359. The order of succession collapsed, directly triggering the Golden Horde's Great Troubles.
3. 1359–1360Eastern European steppe · Eastern EuropeAfter Berdi Beg's death, multiple contenders fought for the throne and central authority collapsed. Russian polities, Lithuania, and other powers expanded their autonomy, and steppe trade routes were also disrupted.