Decline of the Pagan Kingdom

Timeline

1. 1290–1293Pagan · MyanmarAfter Mongol forces defeated Pagan's army in 1287, King Narathihapate fled south and was assassinated in 1287; by the early 1290s the Pagan court was powerless to restore nationwide rule, and royal authority existed in name only.
2. 1290Central Myanmar · MyanmarMilitary commanders and nobles across the land struck out on their own, and powers such as Myinsaing and Sagaing began competing for control of the Irrawaddy River basin; the Pagan center could no longer levy nationwide forces or taxes.
3. 1290–1299Pagan · MyanmarMany monastic estates were abandoned and populations migrated to local strongholds; by the end of the 13th century Pagan as a unified state entity had disintegrated, and Myanmar entered a period of fragmentation lasting several centuries until the Toungoo dynasty reunified it.