Tai Migration to Mainland Southeast Asia

Timeline

1. c. 1100–1156Southern Yunnan · YunnanTai-speaking peoples advanced southwest from the Guangxi–Yunnan area along river systems, some groups entering the Mekong and Salween basins, forming scattered tribal and city-state settlements.
2. c. 1156–1200Điện Biên Phủ valley (homeland of the Black Tai) · Điện Biên ProvinceTai leaders established muang city-states in river valleys; the Vietnamese history work Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư records that by the 11th century the Ngưu Hống tribe was active in Sơn Lai, reflecting that Tai peoples had penetrated deep into Vietnam's northwestern frontier.