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Kaaba Sanctuary of Mecca
The Kaaba (Sacred House) is the core religious structure of the holy city of Mecca and Islam's most important pilgrimage destination;…
Timeline
- 630Kaaba · MeccaMuhammad led his army into Mecca, removed 360 idols from the Kaaba, proclaimed the worship of the one true God in place of polytheism, and established the Kaaba as Islam's holiest center of prayer and pilgrimage.
- 631–632Masjid al-Haram, Mecca · MeccaMuhammad fully demonstrated the Hajj rituals during his Farewell Pilgrimage (631 CE), including circumambulating the Kaaba, running between Safa and Marwa, and standing at Arafat, providing a normative model for later Muslim pilgrims.
- c. 683–692Masjid al-Haram, Mecca · MeccaUmayyad caliph Abd al-Malik oversaw the expansion of the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca during the Second Fitna, adding colonnades and marble decoration, enlarging the prayer space around the Kaaba, and strengthening the sanctuary's status as the empire's religious symbol.
Sources
- Mecca: The Blessed, The Beloved — F.E. Peters (1994)
- The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places — F.E. Peters (1994)