Srivijaya Maritime Hegemony

Timeline

1. c. 650–1000Strait of Malacca–Sunda Strait sea lane · Malay ArchipelagoSrivijaya, based at southeastern Sumatran ports, controlled the strait essential to China–India routes, levied tariffs on subject ports, and integrated the Malay Archipelago's city-state trade network through Buddhist royal authority.
2. c. 1171–1180Palembang and Malay Peninsula ports · SumatraAround 1175, although Srivijaya's political hegemony had waned from its height, ports such as Palembang still participated in South China Sea spice and porcelain transshipment trade, maintaining commercial contacts with Champa, the Southern Song, and Javanese ports.
3. c. 1200–1300Java and the Malay Peninsula · Malay ArchipelagoIn the 13th century, new maritime powers such as Java's Majapahit and the Malay Srivijaya rose; Srivijaya's suzerainty and trade monopoly collapsed, but its port system and strait commercial traditions were inherited by later Malay maritime states.