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Windmill (Persia/Central Asia)

Type Object Region Middle East Time c. 900

Wind-powered milling technology widely used in Persia and Central Asia, typified by vertical-axis windmills driving millstones to grind grain;…

Timeline

c. 900–1000Khorasan · KhorasanVertical-axis windmills took shape in the windy belts of Central Asia for milling and water lifting, and spread to surrounding areas along the Silk Road.
1051–1060Around Nishapur · KhorasanIn the 1050s, windmill-powered mills were widely used in Khorasan and Transoxiana under Seljuk control, supporting urban grain processing and oasis agriculture.

Sources

Windmills in the Middle East — Ahmad Y. al-Hassan (1997)
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4 — R. N. Frye (1975)