Toghon Temür

Timeline

1. 1349–1351Dadu · North ChinaAfter Toqto'a was dismissed in Zhizheng 9, Emperor Shun in August of that year again appointed him right chancellor. Thereafter the court planned large-scale works on the Yellow River and Grand Canal; in April of Zhizheng 11 conscripted laborers in Yingzhou and elsewhere, directly triggering the Red Turban uprising, with the empire's rule crisis fully erupting.
2. 1354–1355Gaoyou · JiangsuWhile Toqto'a led troops besieging Zhang Shicheng at Gaoyou, favorites such as Hama impeached him in repeated memorials on charges of 'exhausting the army and wasting funds.' Emperor Shun issued an edict stripping him of military command and exiling him to Yunnan; Toqto'a was soon killed. Though this temporarily consolidated imperial power, it deprived the Yuan court of its last central army capable of coordinating suppression of rebellions.
3. 1355–1360Dadu · North ChinaAfter Toqto'a's death, Hama and his brother monopolized the Secretariat and Censorate for a time; after Hama's death Empress Qi with Puhua, Shuosijian, and others continued to control the inner court. Emperor Shun grew increasingly negligent of governance; crown prince Ayushiridara was made heir in Zhizheng 13, harem and crown prince factional strife intensified, and the court gradually lost the ability to respond to Jiangnan rebellions and warlord separatism.