Mongol Tribal Confederation Polity

Type Object Region Mongolian Plateau Time 1100–1206

In the mid-12th century, the Mongolian Plateau held a loose network of tribal confederations of kin clans (Borjigin, Jarchud) and allied tribes (Kera…

Timeline

1161–1170Onon–Onon River basin · Khentii ProvinceToghrul (Wang Khan) of the Kerait was invested as 'King' by the Jin dynasty and led the tribes; Borjigin Yesugei formed an anda alliance with him, and the tribal polity was held together by three layers—kin clans, marriage alliances, and Jin investiture of loose control—without a unified central authority.
c. 1171–1180Eastern Mongolian Plateau · Mongolian PlateauAfter Yesugei was poisoned by the Tatars, the Borjigin were attacked by the Merkit and others, and Temüjin's family fled; the old alliance network loosened and tribes recombined, setting the stage for Temüjin's later rebuilding of the confederation and unification of the steppe.

Sources

The Secret History of the Mongols https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Secret-History-of-the-Mongols
Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World — Jack Weatherford (2004)