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Mahmud Shah of Malacca

Type Figure Region Southeast Asia Time c. 1480–1528 Also known as Sultan Mahmud of Malacca

Mahmud Shah (c. 1480–1528) was one of the last sultans of Malacca, ruling until the Portuguese under Albuquerque captured Malacca in 1511.

Timeline

  1. 1511–1512Malacca · MalaccaIn August 1511 Portuguese forces captured Malacca; Mahmud Shah led his court and army inland, and Malacca, the hub of Southeast Asia's spice trade, fell under Portuguese control, marking a major turning point for the Malay maritime commercial empire.
  2. 1513–1518Johor · JohorDuring exile he successively relied on forces in Pahang, Johor, and the Riau Islands, repeatedly organizing fleets to counterattack Malacca without success, and sought support from neighboring states such as Ayutthaya, sustaining the narrative of Malay sultanate legitimacy.
  3. 1519–1520Riau Islands · Riau IslandsIn 1519–1520 he continued operating around the straits, contesting control of trade routes with Portugal; his exiled regime provided a political legacy for the later founding of the Johor Sultanate.

Sources