Kaykaus I

Timeline

1. 1211–1212Konya · Sultanate of RumAfter his father Kaykhusraw I fell in battle at Alaşehir on the Mendere River, Kaykaus raised forces at Malatya, defeated his brothers Kaykubad I and Kayferidun Ibrahim, and seized Kayseri and Konya, consolidating his position as sultan.
2. 1214–1215Sinop · Black Sea coastIn November 1214 he captured Sinop, a major Black Sea port belonging to the Empire of Trebizond; the Sultanate of Rum gained its first outlet to the Black Sea, and he repaired the city's citadel, leaving numerous bilingual inscriptions.
3. 1215–1216Antalya · Mediterranean coastAfter a siege of over a month he recaptured Antalya, restoring control of that Mediterranean port; from then on the Sultanate of Rum held both Black Sea and Mediterranean ports, and Kaykaus used the title 'Sultan of the Two Seas.'
4. 1217–1220Sivas · Sultanate of RumIn his later years he built the Şifahane hospital and mausoleum at Sivas, planned a campaign against the Ayyubid forces at Aleppo, and contacted allies such as the atabegs of Mosul. In 1220 he fell gravely ill and died at Sivas; his brother Ala al-Din Kaykubad I succeeded him.