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Hong Taiji

Type Figure Region China Time 1592–1643 Also known as Taizong of Qing、Khagan Tiancong、Emperor Kuanwen Rensheng

Hong Taiji (1592–1643), second khagan of Later Jin and founding emperor of the Qing dynasty, son of Nurhaci, who reformed after accessioning in 1626 …

Timeline

  1. 1631–1632Mongolian Plateau · Mongolian PlateauIn the fifth and sixth years of Tiancong (1631–1632), Hong Taiji personally campaigned against the Mongol Chahar tribe, capturing the imperial seal and further integrating Mongol forces, creating political conditions for Later Jin's southward advance and the renaming to Great Qing.
  2. 1636Shengjing · LiaoningIn the fourth month of the tenth year of Tiancong (1636), Hong Taiji held a grand ceremony in Shengjing, changed the state name to Great Qing, replaced the title khagan with emperor, and adopted the era name Chongde. This marked the formal transformation of the Later Jin regime into the Qing dynasty and established an imperial title system on equal footing with the Ming.
  3. 1640–1642Jinzhou · LiaoningFrom the fifth year of Chongde (1640), Hong Taiji personally campaigned against the Ming fortress of Jinzhou in Liaodong, launching the Battle of Song-Jin. By 1642 Jinzhou and Songshan fell in succession, the Ming defensive line beyond the pass collapsed, senior officials such as Hong Chengchou surrendered to the Qing, and the Qing's strategic advantage for entering the pass was established.

Sources