Concordat of Worms

Timeline

1. c. 1120Worms · GermanyFrom the mid-11th century, popes and emperors clashed over secular investiture rights in the appointment of bishops. After Henry V and Calixtus II took office, both sides sought an honorable resolution, holding multiple rounds of negotiation following the precedent of 1111.
2. c. 1120Outside the city of Worms · GermanyThe two sides agreed that the empire would renounce investiture with sacramental symbols and recognize the freedom of church elections and consecration, while the emperor retained authority over church estates and political loyalty within the empire. This compromise established the institutional framework for church–state relations in late medieval Germany and was later ratified by the Lateran Council.