Establishment of Jiaozhi Province under Ming rule

Timeline

1. 1407Thang Long · VietnamThe Ming court abolished Annam's old system and established the Jiaozhi Provincial Administration Commission, administering fifteen prefectures, forty-one departments, and two hundred and ten counties with Thang Long as its seat. Former Annam territory was brought under direct Ming rule, no longer retaining vassal status.
2. 1410–1419All of Jiaozhi · VietnamThe Ming sent mainland officials to their posts, implementing the yellow-register household system, land tax collection, and guard-colony farming. Confucian education officials were set up to teach the Classic of Filial Piety and other texts, attempting to reshape local society with Chinese rites. However, officials were largely unfamiliar with local customs, exactions were heavy, and powerful families concealed population, limiting results.
3. 1413–1419Border commanderies such as Thanh Hoa and Nghe An · VietnamRemnants of the Tran clan and local forces repeatedly raised rebel banners in the mountains of Thanh Hoa and Nghe An. Ming troops were exhausted by campaigns of suppression and pacification, with enormous military costs. By the end of the 1410s, Jiaozhi rule appeared strong outwardly but hollow within, providing the social foundation for the Lam Son uprising.