Ottoman Siege Cannon

Timeline

1. 1380–1402Bursa · Ottoman EmpireThe Ottomans learned cannon-casting skills from Byzantine and European craftsmen and began experimenting with bronze guns combined with stone-throwing engines in sieges in Anatolia and the Balkans.
2. 1413–1421Balkan siege battlefields · Ottoman EmpireAfter consolidating power, Mehmed I systematically deployed siege guns in campaigns on the Thracian and Serbian frontiers, accumulating firing experience against stone walls and an ammunition supply system.
3. 1418–1453Around Constantinople · ConstantinopleIn the late 1410s the Ottomans continuously reconnoitered the defenses of the Byzantine capital, improving large-caliber cannon designs and transport methods in preparation for the decisive siege of 1453.