Emperor Shun of Yuan's Flight North to Shangdu

Timeline

1. 1368Dadu · North ChinaZhu Yuanzhang ordered Xu Da, Chang Yuchun, and others to lead a northern expedition, capturing circuit after circuit in Shandong and Hebei. Though Emperor Shun of Yuan ordered Köke Temür and others to come to the aid, reinforcements were delayed; the Ming army's advance pointed straight at Dadu, and the Yuan's defensive system in North China rapidly disintegrated.
2. 1368Juyong Pass · North ChinaSeeing that all was lost, Emperor Shun of Yuan (Toghon Temür) took his consorts, crown prince Ayushiridara, and some imperial clansmen and court officials, and retreated north from Dadu through Juyong Pass, organizing no effective defense. Days later, the Ming army entered the empty city of Dadu, and the Yuan court's control over the heart of the Central Plains came to an end.
3. 1368Shangdu · Inner MongoliaEmperor Shun's party arrived at Shangdu (Kaiping) and regrouped on the Mongolian steppe, still using the Yuan dynastic name and era names. Thereafter the Yuan court continued to rule north of the Gobi, known in history as the Northern Yuan; the Ming made Yanjing its capital the following year, forming a new north–south standoff.